Introdaction: The incidence of Skin cancer in transplant recipient is higher than general population. Therefore, careful phyiscal examination to detect Skin malignancies is essential in the long-term prognosis of these patients. This study was carried out to identify risk factors associated with variant of Skin tumor from 1989 to 2002.Material and Method: 620 kidney transplants (223 women and 397 men) were performed in Imam Reza hospital. The patients were followed up for one to 14 years. They were treated with cyclosporine, prednisolone, Azathioprine or Mycophenolate Mofetiel.Results: Skin tumor was observed in 12 patients (10 men and 2 women). Diagnosis was based on biopsy.Kaposi sarcoma was occurred earlier than other tumor and accounted for 50% (6 out of 12) of post-transplantation Skin tumor. Five patients had SCC and one ofthem had BCC. Kaposi sarcoma on the average appeared 14 months after transplantation. SCC appeared later than other type of cancers occurring after transplantation (90±36 months).All patients who had SCC and BCC were male and they were older than 40 years old, when they received kidney.SCC and BCC occurred on the head and neck in all patients who did have these tumors. All patients with kaposi sarcoma had Skin involvement. 33.3 % of these patients had visceral lesions.In our study the incidence of malignancy was observed to be less than those reported in other reports (2% instead of 6 % -24 %) and kaposi sarcoma was the most frequent neoplasm.The result showed a significant relationship between recipient's age and sex with Skin tumor. Skin tumor was observed to be more common in men and older patients.Conclusion: In addition to standard established treatment for each malignancy, reduction of immunosuppression was performed. Complete remission was observed in two patients who had kaposi sarcoma and three patients who had SCC while the other patients didn't respond to the treatment.

Background and aim: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with multiple complications. Skin tag is a pedunculated papule, which is more common in women and has been suggested as a cutaneous marker of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of diabetes mellitus in patients with Skin tags.Materials and methods: This descriptive study was done on 100 patients with Skin tags. The investigation included fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glucose tolerance test (OTT).Results: 66 patients had normal FBS, 27 had diabetes mellitus, 5 had impaired OTT and 2 had impaired fasting glucose. Over all, 34 had abnormal glucose metabolism, 7 were unaware of their metabolic abnormality. Among 40 hospitalized patients 50% had abnormal glucose metabolism meanwhile 23.3% of 60 outpatients had this abnormality (p<0.01). No association was seen between BMI, obesity, gender, location and number of Skin tags with abnormal metabolism of glucose.Conclusion: It is recommended to consider Skin tags as a cetaceous marker for abnormality of glucose metabolism.

Background and aim: Non-melanoma Skin cancers (NMSC) are one of the most prevalent malignancies of the human. Although the morality rate is not high for these cancers, they may cause high morbility for the patients. In addition to the Skin type, factors such as sun exposure, head and neck radiotherapy, inappropriate use of sunscreen and cultural changes may increase the incidence of these cancers. The objective of this study was to determine NMSC in Isfahan.Materials and Methods: We used data of the cancer resistery center for performing this study and the incidence of NMSC per 100,000 populations was determined. Results: Overall 1681 cases were registered. The incidence of NMSC was calculated to be 10.67/100,000population. The most common site for BCC and SCC was middle face. Conclusion: NMSC incidence in Isfahan is lower than west countries although this incidence is 10.67/100,000in a year. It means that 5-6 thousand cases of NMSC occur in Iran each year. We can prevent its morbidity and mortality by early correct diagnosis.

Background: Gut microbiota contains many types of parasites, viruses, archaebacteria, and bacteria. There is a bilateral relationship between the gut microbiota and the immune system, and they regulate each other. Many experiments have used Fecal Microbiota transplantation (FMT) in a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI disorders. FMT has beneficial effects on patients with Clostridioides difficile. The aim of the current review article was to gain insight on the relationship between gut microbiota and various immune system components in order to investigate its links with various human diseases as well as to explore the application of FMT-based therapeutic interventions in several GI and non-GI disorders. Materials and methods: Systematically, we searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct databases using the following keywords: Fecal Microbiota transplantation, Microbiota, and Immune system. Finally, 127 articles in English language reporting Fecal Microbiota transplantation, Microbiota, and Immune system were included for the final analysis. Conclusion: FMT is one of the novel therapeutic approaches in the field of medicine that improves and modulates GI microbiota. For this reason, physicians and researchers are making an attempt to use it to treat various GI and non-GI diseases. The GI microbiota is important in metabolism, immune system modulation, the synthesis of various types of vitamins, etc. Currently, FMT is proposed by the FDA (The US Food and Drug Administration) for patients with Clostridioides difficile who do not respond to standard therapies. Currently, FMT-based therapeutic interventions have scarcely been applied for the treatment of other diseases, such as IBD. Nevertheless, it is still considered as an efficient therapy for some of IBD patients. However, several concerns regarding the clinical application of FMT are still remaining to be addressed necessiating conducting further detailed studies in this regard.

Background and objective: Renal transplantation may be condidered as the only effective long term therapy for chronic renal failure. Better surgical techniques and recent advances in immunosuppressive therapy allows patients to survive for many years. However, cutaneous lesions (cosmetic, infectious, precancerous and neoplastic) can be a significant problem for this group of patients. This study was performed to determine the frequency of Skin lesions in renal transplant recipients (RTR) in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2003, 2004 Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on RTR operated in transplantation Center, Namazi Hospital in Shiraz. They had a complete dermatologic history taken and received a thorough dermatologic examination in the department of dermatology at Faghihi hospital. Results: From July 2003 to October 2004 two hundred (130 males and 70 females) patients with a mean age of 39 years were studied. Hypertrichosis was the most commonly observed dermatologic condition which was observed in 191 cases. The most common Skin infection was wart presented in 101 cases. Eight patients had non-melanoma Skin cancer. Conclusion: Awareness of RTRs and their medical personnel about cutaneous complications of renal transplantation as well as early referral of these patients to dermatologists to treat their lesions can improve their quality of life and survival.      

Background: Immunosuppressive drugs that are widely used to prevent acute and chronic organ rejections, predispose organ transplant patients to a variety of diseases including Skin problems. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Skin lesions and to investigate their association with demographic characteristics in renal transplant patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 patients who were referred to the nephrology clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran and underwent kidney transplantation within a year (from the first working day of the Iranian Hijri calendar in April 2015 until the last working day in March 2016). Patients were referred to a dermatologist in case of any Skin lesions. Patients' data were collected in a researchermade questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS software, version 18. The p values less than 5% were considered to be significant. Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the patients' age was 50. 4±, 11. 8 years. The average time of incidence of Skin lesion after transplantation has been 8. 1±, 5. 7 weeks. The most common types of non-melanoma cancers were squamous cell carcinoma (2%) and Kaposi's sarcoma (4%) and there was no significant difference between men and women (p>0. 05). Sixty-six percent of the patients had Skin infections and the most common Skin infections were wart (34%) and tinea versicolor (11%). The relative frequency of Skin infections was significantly higher in male patients than in females (p=0. 004). Considering all other confounding variables including smoking, hypertension, diabetes and other infectious diseases, the only noteworthy finding was the higher relative frequency of tinea versicolor in diabetic compared with non-diabetic patients (p=0. 046). Conclusion: This study showed that Skin complications including various neoplastic (Sarcoma and Carcinoma), infectious (fungal and viral), and other (Acne and Hypertrichosis) diseases are common in patients with kidney transplantation who are taking immunosuppressive drugs. Informing these patients and medical staff about Skin problems leads to an early referral of patients and increases their life expectancy and improves their quality of life.

Nowadays, it is used to Skin graft in spread. Cyclosporine is one of the most use and effective immunosuppressive drugs that it has side effect and toxicities on CNS, kidney and liver. In this research is tried to investigation of 0.5% cyclosporine gel effectiveness on allograft full thickness Skin rejection in rat. In this experimental study is used to 45 wistar male adult rats as allograft recipient and 15 spiral hole (SD) male adult rats as allograft donor with age range between 14 to 15 week and mean weight: 200±10 gr. After general anesthesia, circles with 1.5 cm diameter containing epidermal and dermal layers had separated from SD donor rats with scalpel cutting and then these parts were grafted to shoulder center (midline) of wistar recipient rats. After transplantation, rats randomly divided to 3 groups with 15 rat (3groups of 5 each) (control, test and 0.5% cyclosporine gel) and then each of them was divided to 3 group with 5 rat (sampling groups in days: 3, 7 and 15). Any treatment is applied in control group. 10 mg/kg IP cyclosporine injected to test group, and in third group, 0.5% cyclosporine gel was applied in the graft place, daily. Then on days: 3, 7 and 15 after graft, it was done sampling from the graft location and applied histopathological studies on it. Then, Statistics data analyzed using kruskal wallis test with SPSS software. Investigations confirmed that cyclosporine gel using caused to significant reduce of vasculitis, folliculitis, dermatitis and dermal degeneration on 3 and 7 days after graft in comparison to control group (P<0.05) and single use of cyclosporine gel on day 15 after graft did not cause to Skin graft rejection. By attention to this test challenges, cyclosporine gel has significant effects on Acceptance of Skin grafts, but its single use did not cause to Skin graft rejection. To more effect on Skin graft acceptance can use to cyclosporine gel in combination with other immunosuppressive drugs.

Background & Aims: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common types of chronic disease leading to serious complications such as blindness, end stage renal disease (ESRD), neuropathy and cardiac disorders. Skin tag is a common benign Skin tumor that its association with impaired carbohydrate metabolism has been reported in some studies. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of diabetes and other carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients with and without Skin tag.Methods: In a case- control study on 200 individuals over 30 years old referring to Dermatology Clinic of Afzalipour Hospital, 100 individuals with at least 3 Skin tags as case group and 100 individuals without Skin tag as control group underwent FBS and standard GTT tests.Results: There was no significant difference between case and control groups in the frequency of diabetes (19% vs. 10%), IGTT (11%vs.13%) and IFG (19% vs. 15%).Mean FBS and GTT were significantly higher in the case group compared to the control group.There was a positive correlation between the total number of Skin tags and mean FBS (r= 0.33, P= 0.001) and GTT (r= 0.37, P= 0.000). The frequency of diabetes in patients with at least 20 Skin tags was 45.8%. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity of Skin tag for the diagnosis of diabetes were 19%, 90%, 52% and 65% respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed that patients with Skin tags are at a higher risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Therefore, screening of patients with Skin tag for carbohydrate metabolism disorders is recommended.